C4. Cultural Beliefs and Assumptions: Origin and Creation of Language, Music, Art

1/15/2016

65 Comments

C4. Cultural Beliefs and Assumptions: (Origin of) Language , Music, Art

Directions and Notes:

Copy the Info List (with the line) and share your credible research info on the given topic in 'Comments'.
Browse the 'Comments' area before posting yours so as to avoid duplicate info--only the 1st post will receive credit. NO duplicate info!
Contribute credible and informative research info (from .edu; .gov; .org) to 5 items in C (50 points); points to be added to Gradebook after the deadline.
Due: end of Week 15.

Info List

Contributed by (User ID):
Native culture:
2-3 Key ideas in 2-3 informative sentences in direct quote with MLA citation:
MLA bibliography entry for the source:

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65 Comments

SaZ16Sp1C link

4/21/2016 15:16:16

1. Contributed by (User ID): SaZ16Sp1C
2. Native culture: Mexico
3. Key Publication title and author: Aztec Art. Mark Cartwright
4. 2-3 Key ideas in 2-3 informative sentences in direct quote: “The Olmec, Maya, Toltec, and Zapotec civilizations, amongst others, perpetuated an artistic tradition which displayed a love of monumental stone sculpture, imposing architecture, highly decorated pottery, geometric stamps for fabric and body art, and breathtaking metalwork which were all used to represent people, animals, plants, gods and features of religious ceremony, especially those rites and deities connected to fertility and agriculture” (Cartwright).
5. MLA Complete source info: Cartwright, Mark. “Aztec Art.” Ancient History Encyclopedia. 06 January 2014. Web. 04 April 2016.

GaT16Fa1C

12/17/2016 02:50:48

I have always been infatuated with older architecture, and love thinking of the best way it was used to represent thew beliefs and lifestyles of different people. I plan on looking more into Aztec architecture!

AuJ16Sp1C

4/26/2016 13:46:38

1.Contributed by (User ID): AuJ16Sp1C
2.Native culture: Belize
3.Key Publication title and author: "Welcome to Belize" by Anonoymous Author
4.2-3 Key ideas in 2-3 informative sentences in direct quote: "The culture that makes up the country of Belize is diverse and rich, thanks to the country’s unique mix of ethnic variations. There are approximately 320,000 people living in Belize; they include Mestizo, Mayan, Anglo-European, Creole, Asian, Garifuna, Middle Eastern and Hispanic groups, with the Hispanics being the most prevalent. For this reason, visitors to Belize will hear a variety of different languages being spoken, with English being the primary language spoken followed by Spanish" ( "Welcome to Belize")
5.MLA Complete source info: Anonymous. "Welcome to Belize". Titoff Realty Ltd. Np. Web. 26 Apr. 2016

bad16f1c

4/27/2016 13:26:07

1. Contributed by (User ID): Bad16f1c

2. Native culture: Egyptian

3. 2-3 Key ideas in 2-3 informative sentences in direct quote with MLA citation:
"Professional musicians existed on a number of social levels in ancient Egypt. Perhaps the highest status belonged to temple musicians; the office of "musician" (shemayet) to a particular god or goddess was a position of high status frequently held by women. Musicians connected with the royal household were held in high esteem, as were certain gifted singers and harp players. Somewhat lower on the social scale were musicians who acted as entertainers for parties and festivals, frequently accompanied by dancer"(Wilfong).

4. MLA bibliography entry for the source:
Wilfong G, Terry. "Music in Ancient Egypt". Umich.edu. No date. Web. 27 Apr. 2016.

MaO16Sp1C

4/27/2016 21:19:54

Contributed by (User ID): MaO16Sp1C
Native culture: Puerto Rican
2-3 Key ideas in 2-3 informative sentences in direct quote with MLA citation:
"Both Spanish and English are the official languages of Puerto Rico, but Spanish is without a doubt the dominant language, as the majority of the people in Puerto Rico are not proficient in English. Fewer than 20 percent of Puerto Ricans speak English fluently, according to the 1990 U.S. Census...Puerto Rico has developed a unique version of Spanish. The language was greatly influenced by Puerto Rico's history. Puerto Ricans integrated thousands of Taíno words, adopted some pronunciation habits from African dialects, and incorporated English words or phrases (known as "Spanglish") into the language." (Rivera)

"The greatest art on the island is at the Museo de Arte de Ponce, Las Americas Avenue, in Puerto Rico's largest city. The collection, donated by former governor Luis A. Ferré, ranges from Jan van Eyck's Salvatore Mundi to Rossetti's confrontational Daugthers of King Lear. The museum building was designed by Edward Durell Stone, who also designed New York's Museum of Modern Art. Works are displayed here in a honeycomb of skylit hexagonal rooms. Puerto Rican artists who are represented include José Campeche (1751-1809) and Francisco Oller (1833-1917). In addition to such European masters as Rubens, van Dyck, and Murillo, the museum features works by Latin American artist, including some by the Mexican Diego Rivera." (Rivera)

"During the conversion of Puerto Rico's Amerindians and slaves to Christianity after its colonization by the early Spanish, the only formal music imported from Spain was chants and religious music. Later, however, as the fortunes of a handful of Puerto Rican planters increased during the 19th century, their social aspirations grew as well. those whose children showed musical promise were after sent abroad -usually to Spain- for the further development of their talents." (Rivera)

MLA bibliography entry for the source:
Rivera, Magaly. "Beyond Language." Puerto Rico's Culture:. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Apr. 2016.

Laa16Sp1C

5/1/2016 23:09:24

1. Contributed by(User ID): Laa16Sp1C

2. Native Culture: Italian

3. 2-3 key ideas in 2-3 informative sentences in direct quote with MLA citation: a) "The artistic traditions of Italy have their origins in the ancient Roman Empire, which was centered in Rome and the Italian peninsula" (The New Book)
b) "For centuries, artists have traveled to Italy to study both monuments from Roman times and the work of the great Italian masters of the Renaissance and Baroque periods" (The New Book)
c) "The High Renaissance style of painting first appeared in the work of Leonardo da Vinci. Leonardo was a sculptor, writer, engineer, inventor, musician, and astronomer, as well as a painter" (The New Book)

4. MLA bibliography entry for the source: "Italian Art and Architecture." Scholastic Publishes Literacy Resources and Children's Books for Kids of All Ages. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 May 2016.

AmS16Fa1C

12/12/2016 11:19:54

I have always been fascinated by the art and love for the art that Italy has. I wish to one day be able to travel there and explore all the beautiful places that Italy has to offer. Along with the food!

AzS16Fa1C

12/13/2016 04:22:09

Art is very important part of the Italian culture! I was fortunate enough to visit a museum and see some Italian art work in person, it left me in awe!

GrC16Fa1C

12/15/2016 00:03:59

As one who has had the same opportunity I can't help but echo your sentiments. I feel incredibly lucky to have had the chance to experience such masterpieces in person!

HaO16Sp1C

5/3/2016 11:07:29

1. Contributed by (User ID): HaO16Sp1C
2. Native culture: Mexican
3. 2-3 Key ideas in 2-3 informative sentences in direct quote with MLA citation: Mexico has come a long way from its beginning. Before Spain and other conquests Mexico was very split in the form that villages were split and lived in solidarity. They were not united and therefor did not have a unified language to communicate. “There a great number of languages in Mexico, and while Spanish is Mexico’s most widely spoken language, the government also recognizes 68 Mexican indigenous languages as official national languages. While 68 indigenous languages may seem like a large number, in fact over 130 indigenous languages, along with their unique customs and culture, have vanished. As such, the government has placed a heavy emphasis on the preservation and promotion of the native languages. The Law of Linguistic Rights was created in 2002 to protect the native Mexican languages, and encourage bilingual and intercultural education” (donQuijote). From these indigenous languages Mexican culture has mixed and formed a composition of cultures that influences cultures ways of life. In Mexican culture although the cultures are blending they are losing some key features that make specific indigenousness culture unique. “Nowadays, there are over 6 million speakers of indigenous languages in Mexico. While 10-14% of the population identify themselves with an indigenous group, only 6% of them speak an indigenous language of Mexico” (donQuijote). Mexican culture is expanding and reaching new heights while desperately trying to retain what it can about the origin of language among other things.
4. MLA bibliography entry for the source: "Languages of Mexico - Mexican Indigenous Languages | Don Quijote." DonQuijote. DonQuijote. Web. 03 May 2016.

MeM16Sp1C

5/7/2016 17:33:30

1. Contributed by (User ID): MeM16Sp1C

2. Native culture: Peruvian

3. 2-3 Key ideas in 2-3 informative sentences in direct quote with MLA citation:
“Cuzco, Peru has been deemed the center of the Incan empire and thus it is assumed that the origin of their language also must have been centered around the city. The Inca were a people who conquered a vast majority of people and in doing so, they wanted to make their empire more linguistically homogenous. They did this by forcing all conquered peoples to learn Quechua” (Tustison).

4. MLA bibliography entry for the source:
Tustison, Clint. “Quechuistics: The language of the Inka.” BYU. BYU, 27 January 2000. Web. 7 May 2016.

THAT NGUYEN

5/7/2016 22:12:35

1. Contributed by (User ID): NgT16Sp1C
2. Native culture: Vietnamese
3. 2-3 Key ideas in 2-3 informative sentences in direct quote with MLA citation:
“Vietnamese traditional music was born, developed and diversified on the basis of the demand of both the elite and the labor for entertainment, the expression of innermost feelings and above all a spiritual life enriched. Although going through a long period of time influenced by Chinese, Japanese, French music or even music of the ancient kingdom of Champa, Vietnamese traditional music still distinguishes itself with rustic but not less prestige beauty in terms of lyrics and melodies”
“Vietnamese is a tone language; that is, the meaning of words and sentences is affected by the pitch with which they are spoken. The tones in Vietnamese are mid-level, low falling, high rising, low, rising after an initial dip, high broken and low broken. "Broken" tones are spoken in a globalized manner”
4. MLA bibliography entry for the source:
“About Vietnam traditional music.” Vietnam Culture. Vietnam Online. nd., Web. 7 May. 2016.
“Vietnamese Language Use and History.” Vietnamese and Vietnamese
Culture. Adopt Vietnam. nd., Web. 7 May. 2016.

LeH16Fa1C

12/10/2016 13:38:40

Korea's art and culture was influenced by the Chinese and Japanese as well! It is very interesting to see that China and Japan had much influence in many of the East Asian countries. However, it is also interesting that each country managed to keep their own color despite the influences.

ArA16Sp1C

5/9/2016 20:05:52

1. Contributed by (User ID): ArA16Sp1C
2. Native Culture: Japanese
3. Adopted by Chinese culture, archaeologist have found items such as どたく (dotaku; bronze bells). "They show that the native population had adopted Chinese metallurgy" (Malm). The shape of these bells made different sounds, and were found in many different sizes and shapes depending from which Japanese islands they were found.
4. Works Cited:
Malm, William P. "Japanese Music." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 09 May 2016.

RoN16Fa1C

12/10/2016 16:58:51

Japan has adopted many concepts from Chinese culture. Even the language itself shares characters from the Chinese language.

AmS16Fa1C

12/12/2016 11:23:49

I find both Japanese and Chinese cultures to be amazing. I love the details that are influenced in fashion and as well as art. My dad had the chance to go to Japan earlier this year and he said that it was such an amazing and different country than ours.

FeW16Sp1C

5/9/2016 23:21:27

Info List
Contributed by (User ID):FeW16Sp1C
Native culture: China
2-3 Key ideas in 2-3 informative sentences in direct quote with MLA citation: "China provides some of the earliest traces of music making. These are mainly in the form of well-preserved musical instruments, the tangible evidence of music. Over several millennia, musical instruments from regional indigenous traditions as well as from India and Central and West Asia were assimilated into the mainstream of Chinese music. Some of the most ancient instruments have been retained, transformed, or revived throughout the ages and many are in common use even today, testifying to a living legacy of a durable art. This legacy is frequently celebrated in the visual arts of China, documenting rituals and celebrations, or as status symbols of those whose lives were enhanced by the resonate sounds of instruments made from hide, clay, metal, stone, gourd, wood, silk, and bamboo"(Moore).

MLA bibliography entry for the source: Moore, J. Kenneth. "Music and Art of China".Department of Musical Instruments, The Metropolitan Museum of Art. September 2009. 08 May 2016.

MoA16Sp1C

5/11/2016 14:09:09

User ID: MoA16Sp1C
Culture: African American

African American culture often developed separately from mainstream American culture because of African Americans' desire to practice our own traditions, as well as the persistence of racial segregation in America. Consequently African American culture has become a significant part of American culture and yet, at the same time, remains a distinct culture apart from it."
African cultures,slavery,slave rebellions,and the civil rights movements(circa 1800s-160s)have shaped African American religious, familial, political and economic behaviors. The imprint of Africa is evident in myriad ways, in politics, economics, language, music, hairstyles, fashion, dance, religion and worldview, and food preparation methods. In the United States, the very legislation that was designed to strip slaves of culture and deny them education served in many ways to strengthen it.

In turn, African American culture has had a pervasive, transformative impact on myriad elements of mainstream American culture, among them language, music, dance, religion, cuisine, and agriculture. This process of mutual creative exchange is called creolization. Over time, the culture of African slaves and their descendants has been ubiquitous in its impact on not only the dominant American culture, but on world culture as well
Contemporary African American dance is descended from these earlier forms and also draws influence from African and Caribbean dance forms. Groups such as the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater have continued to contribute to the growth of this form. Modern popular dance in America is also greatly influenced by African American dance. American popular dance has also drawn many influences from African American dance most notably in the hip hop genre.
MLA : "African American Culture." N.p., n.d. Web.

ChH16Sp1C link

5/11/2016 18:28:54

1. ChH16Sp1C
2. Korean
3. Korea's ancient Joseph Dynasty dates back to the 1300s. "It was a time of sophisticated cultivation in the arts and scholarship, often with Korean adaptation of Chinese thought, technology, and language" (PEM, 2005). The phonetic alphabet of the Korean language was developed by King Sejong as Hangeul. Art is a huge part of the Korean culture. "Korean paper is famous throughout Asia and the world for its high quality and is known for being exceptionally strong and durable" (PEM, 2005). "Sewing and embroidery was the domain of women of all classes. Sewing tools were important possessions, considered precious, and were beautifully made and decorated" (PEM, 2005).
4. "Korean Art and Culture." Peabody Essex Museum. PEM. 2005. PDF. 11 May 2016.

GeM16Sp1C

5/11/2016 20:32:55

1. GeM16Sp1C
2.African-American
3. "Music is an integral part of African ethnic life, accompanying many kinds of events, including childbirth, marriage, hunting, and even political activities. Many cultures use song and dance to ward off evil spirits, and pay respects to good spirits, the dead, and ancestors. The majority of sub-Saharan African folk music and traditional music is functional in nature. There are, for example, many different kinds of work songs, ceremonial or religious music, and courtly music performed at royal courts, and typically none of these are performed outside of their intended social context" (
4. Tracey, Hugh. "Music of Africa." New World Encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 May 2016.

AzS16Fa1C

12/13/2016 05:30:54

The reasons to why music and dance was used is very intriguing! I actually learned in History class that unique face masks were usually worn in African dances to add more character and emotion! Maybe some scary ones were worn to ward of the evil spirits you mentioned.

QuS16Sp1C

5/12/2016 16:18:34

Contributed by (User ID): QuS16Sp1C

Native culture: Pakistani/Islamic

2-3 Key ideas in 2-3 informative sentences in direct quote with MLA citation: “The first examples of Islamic art therefore rely on earlier techniques, styles, and forms reflecting this blending of classical and Iranian decorative themes and motifs. Perhaps the most salient of these is the predilection for all-over surface decoration. The four basic components of Islamic ornament are calligraphy, vegetal patterns, geometric patterns, and figural representation” (“The Nature of Islamic Art”).

MLA bibliography entry for the source:
"The Nature of Islamic Art | Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art." The Met's Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. Department of Islamic Art, Oct. 2001. Web. 12 May 2016.

MaJ16Sp1C

5/12/2016 20:44:24

Contributed by (User ID): MaJ16Sp1C
Native culture: Hawaiian
2-3 Key ideas in 2-3 informative sentences in direct quote with MLA citation: Music and dance is a great part of Hawaiian culture, from the ukulele to hula it is a great form of expression. Hula was used to talk to the gods, it was not necessarily for human entertainment like it is used today,"Traditional Hula dance was a temple dance. It was originally performed by young men and women before they reached adult age. Traditional hula was performed for Gods, not humans. Hula was the language in which Kahuna of certain type would talk to gods" ("Hawaiian Traditions). This form of communication to the gods was used to ask for "healing, support, or strength" ("Hawaiian traditions). Music is also a great part of culture, in ancient Hawaiian days the use of chants were especially present because there was no written language these chants were crucial for communication, "[important information] were pass from generation to generation in chants. So, medicine knowledge, history of the tribe, memory of ancestors as well as informations about navigation, canoe making, birth giving - all information were given in chants" ("Hawaiian Traditions). Hawaiians also have a form of martial arts called "lua" but these were only to be taught to people of high status like chiefs and their family members.
MLA bibliography entry for the source:
"Hawaiian Traditions." : Hula, Lomilomi, Lua, Waakaulua, Ipu. Hawaiian Studies, 2011. Web. 12 May 2016.

MaJ16Sp1C EDITED

5/12/2016 20:45:23

in-text citations should read as ("Hawaiian Traditions").

ShH16Sp1C

5/12/2016 21:58:14

1. Contributed by (User ID): ShH16Sp1C
2. Native culture: Palestinian
3. 2-3 Key ideas in 2-3 informative sentences in direct quote with MLA citation: "Among Palestinian folk arts, the Dabka stands out as an important folk dance that has become a performative means of expressing Palestinian national identity, and has also been innovatively incorporated into Palestinian modern expressional dance, most notably by El-Funoun the Palestinian Popular Dance Troupe. Embroidery – handmade thoub (a full-length traditional women’s dress), shawls, and wall-hangings normally embroidered in ‘cottage industry’ scale village looms or individual homes, consist of expressive colours and patterns that are each associated with the particular village or district and its local history. The hakawati (story-telling) is a form of oral history transmission and entertainment sometimes accompanied by music, and incorporating history, fantasy, romance, adventure, and comedy elements. These folk arts have, over time, become key foci in practices of remembrance, yearning, and honouring of the pre-Nakba social world of Palestine. Their enduring popularity attests to their role in strengthening the Palestinian identity and contributing to popular culture of resistance in geographically dispersed Palestinian communities, whether amongst the Palestinian refugees, citizens of Israel, or residents of the West Bank and Gaza" (Kanaana).
4. MLA bibliography entry for the source:
Kanaana, Sharif. "SOAS Palestine Society - Art & Culture." SOAS Palestine Society - Art & Culture. May 2008. Web. 13 May 2016.

SaK16Sp1C

5/12/2016 22:55:18

Contributed by (User ID):SaK16Sp1C
Native culture:Japanese
2-3 Key ideas in 2-3 informative sentences in direct quote with MLA citation:
Taiko is the Japanese art of drumming. There are currently even taiko competitions.

"Reputedly, the first use of taiko was as a battlefield instrument; used to intimidate and scare the enemy –a use to which drums have been put in many cultures. Taiko were definitely used in the opening celebrations of the Todaiji Buddhist Temple in the sixth century and quickly incorporated into the Imperial court music. Certain taiko have gone on to become some of the most elegant and beautiful of all Japanese instruments."
MLA bibliography entry for the source: "A Short History of Taiko." Togendaiko. N.p., Oct. 2012. Web.

MiC16Fa1C

12/3/2016 20:08:37

That is very interesting to hear that Taiko started as a tactic to intimidate enemies. It is funny that now it has become some of the most elegant of Japanese instruments.

FaA16Sp1C

5/13/2016 13:52:18

1. Contributed by (User ID):

FaA16Sp1C
2. Native culture:

Filipino

3. 2-3 Key ideas in 2-3 informative sentences in direct quote with MLA citation:

"The Filipino languages have been influenced by many other language groups throughout their history, as well as being influenced by each other. Their position in the Pacific Ocean so near Asia has allowed them many opportunities for trade and correspondence with other nations and languages. In addition, various occupations of the region by different nations has brought the Filipino languages in to direct contact with many other languages, which have also had their influence.” (Stevens).

4. MLA bibliography entry for the source:

Stevens, J. Nicole. "The History of the Filipino Languages." The History of the Filipino Languages. Brigham Young University, 30 June 1999. Web. 13 May 2016.

Saul Sanchez

12/11/2016 22:22:45

I think it is cool that they created an entire language based off of other languages. It is very innovative!

SmK16Sp1C

5/13/2016 14:22:56

Contributed by (User ID): SmK16Sp1C

Native culture: Peruvian

2-3 Key ideas in 2-3 informative sentences in direct quote with MLA citation: "The Incas never developed an alphabet. The only records the language possessed were kept by means of an arrangement of cords of various colors, which were knotted in different ways. All literature prior to the Spanish conquest was handed down by oral tradition. The Spanish introduced the Roman alphabet but to this day the spelling has not been officially standardized [...] One approach supports the view that Quechua originated somewhere in the central Peruvian coast, with later population movements to the north into the central regions and further north, to Ecuador and North Peru, and south to South Peru. The expansion of the Inca tribes took place over a period of less than two centuries. Many of the areas in which the Incas moved to were already speaking Quechua dialects some of which were very similar to the Cuzco dialect which was the common language of the Inca’s empire"

MLA bibliography entry for the source: "Quecha." UCLA Language Materials Project. UCLA International Institute, n.d. Web. 13 May 2016.

LoM16Sp1C

5/13/2016 15:57:58

Contributed by (User ID): LoM16Sp1C
Native culture: Mexican
2-3 Key ideas in 2-3 informative sentences in direct quote with MLA citation:

"A huge distinction of Mexican culture is the Spanish language that is primarily spoken by 80% of the population. Of the 62 Amerindian languages recognized, Nahuatl is the most important, spoken by nearly one fourth of the population. Maya is spoken by 14% of Native Mexicans, followed by Mixteco and Zapoteco which are spoken by 7%" ("The Mexican Culture").

"Some of the most influential artists have sprung from Mexican heritage. Frida Khalo is recognized as one of Mexico’s vibrant painters, as well as Diego Rivera, who painted in 1934 a well known, yet controversial, mural in Rockefeller Center in New York City" ("The Mexican Culture").

"When thinking of music and dance in the Mexican culture, a colorful Mariachi band might come to mind. Mariachi is a folk style of music traditionally consisting of 5 musicians wearing a “charro" suit. They are most memorably heard playing a popular song called “La Cucaracha”, which translates to “the Cockroach”, on the street, at festivals or in restaurants" ("The Mexican Culture").

MLA bibliography entry for the source: "The Mexican Culture". Facts about Mexico. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 May 2016.

OlH16Sp1C

5/13/2016 16:41:08

Contributed by (User ID):
Native culture: Mexican
2-3 Key ideas in 2-3 informative sentences in direct quote with MLA citation: "At first, the Spanish authorities tried to persuade the native peoples of México to learn Spanish after they had converted them to Christianity and destroyed their temples. In 1560, King Charles of Spain decreed that all the Mexican natives were to be taught in Spanish" (Schmal 1)
MLA bibliography entry for the source: Schmal, John. "THE AZTECS ARE ALIVE AND WELL: The Náhuatl Language in México". Houston Institute of Culture. 2004. Web. 13 May 2016.

MAV16SP1C

5/13/2016 21:50:21

Contributed by (User ID): MAV16SP1C
1. Native culture: Mexican
2. 2-3 Key ideas
The pre-Spanish languages of the current day Mexico were comprised of over a hundred trial languages. With the Spanish conquest may disappeared as the native population assimilated into the Spanish culture. Nahuatl, the spoken language of the Aztec empire has endured to today. “The Mexican census of 2000 indicated that 1,448,936 persons spoke the Náhuatl language…” (Schmal). In more interesting is the fact a large population only speaks Náhuatl. “…[A]mong the Náhuatl speakers, 195,934 persons (or 13.5%) were actually monolingual and unable to speak the Spanish language” (Schmal).

3. MLA bibliography entry for the source:

Schmal, John P.. “The Aztecs are Alive and Well”. HoustonCulture.com. 2004. Web. 5/13/16.

ChD16fa1C

12/5/2016 09:54:14

Wow! This is very interesting. I had no idea that not only is there a large population that still speaks the language of the Aztec empire, but that for some that is there only language. Thank you for this fact.

Joel Salazar

5/13/2016 21:53:31

Native Expressions: Mexican
2-3 keys-

"Religion has a very strong influence on the lives of Mexicans. 90% of Mexicans are Roman Catholic. A large number also follows other religions like Evangelical, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and Jehovah’s Witnesses. All Mexican festivals are centered around their religion. Ex. Holidays"

"Mexicans are sensitive and emotional by nature. They follow their traditions and etiquette. Mexicans are more driven by titles and positions rather than money."

"Aztec Culture and Society - Crystalinks." Aztec Culture and Society - Crystalinks. Crystal Link. Web. 14 May 2016. <http://www.crystalinks.com/azteculture.html>.

HoE16Sp1C link

5/13/2016 22:30:36

1.Contributed by:HoE16Sp1C
2.Native Culture:African American
3."stepping is a rising art form and an important part of America’s artistic and cultural heritage. In stepping, the body is used as an instrument to create intricate rhythms and sounds through a combination of footsteps, claps and the spoken word.

History of SteppingStepping is based on a long and rich tradition in African-based communities that use movement, words and sounds to communicate allegiance to a group. It draws movements from African foot dances, such as Gumboot, originally conceived by miners in South Africa as an alternative to drumming, which was banned by authorities.

The stepping tradition in the United States grew out of song and dance rituals practiced by historically African American fraternities and sororities, beginning in the early 1900s."
4.MLA Works Cited
"What Is Stepping?" Step Afrika What Is Stepping Comments. Step Afrika, n.d. Web. 14 May 2016.

SeW16Sp1C

5/13/2016 23:18:21

Contributed by (User ID): SeW16Sp!C

Native culture: Italian

2-3 Key ideas in 2-3 informative sentences in direct quote with MLA citation:

"The major changes that caused Italian to have the characteristics that it does today. One notices from the outset that such a paper is possible only with the help of surviving documents and records. In this sense, the history of the Italian language is a bit of anomaly among language histories: we have a continuous spectrum of 'proofs' of language change. Without this we could only hypothesize about the reasons for change"(Crawford).

MLA bibliography entry for the source:
Crawford, Cory. "A Brief History of the Italian Language." A Brief History of the Italian Language. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 May 2016

MaA16Fa1C

11/21/2016 21:48:24

Contributed by (User ID): MaA16Fa1C
Native culture: Mexican
2-3 Key ideas in 2-3 informative sentences in direct quote with MLA citation: "The origins of Mexican art lie in the first civilizations such as the Olmecs and Mayans, who's striking stone sculptures depicted deities, animals and human figures. The Mayan's are renowned for producing some of the most significant and outstanding art in Mexico's history. The Aztecs too have formed an integral part of Mexico's art culture, with their harsh and dramatic representations portraying Gods, skulls and mythology" ("Mexican Art").
MLA bibliography entry for the source: "Mexican Art - Mexican Art History | Don Quijote." DonQuijote. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Nov. 2016.

RiJ16Fa1C

12/11/2016 14:56:24

Being Mexican, I wasn't aware where our Art originated from which was really interesting to read about and learn! It's cool to learn how the Olmecs and Mayans focused on striking stone scriptures, depicted deities animals and human figures! I'm definitely going to look up some of this famous art to get an idea of how it all looks like and came to be.

SOJ16Fa1C

12/13/2016 20:19:34

The Mayans were very much sophisticated at their history of time. It is really fascinating about their agricultural and architectural advances. It is very much an art of their civilization.

MiC16Fa1C

12/3/2016 20:06:46

Contributed by (User ID): MiC16Fa1C
Native culture: English-American
2-3 Key ideas in 2-3 informative sentences in direct quote with MLA citation: "The LORD mixed up the language of the whole world there. That’s why the city was named Babel. From there the Lord scattered them over the face of the whole earth" (The Holy Bible)
MLA bibliography entry for the source: "Genesis 11:9" The Holy Bible. Print.

PhT16Fa1C

12/9/2016 21:29:28

1. Contributed by (User ID):PhT16Fa1C
2. Native culture: Vietnamese
3. 2-3 Key ideas in 2-3 informative sentences in direct quote with MLA citation:
“ About 60 percent of modern Vietnamese words are of Chinese origin. Many basic words, like geographical terms, were adopted from monotonal Mon-Khmer languages, while tonality came from Tai. In Vietnamese, each syllable has one of six tones, which completely alters the meaning of the word, and one, two or three of 11 distinct vowel sounds.” ( Vietnam Culture)

“ Decorative elements from ceramics of the Bronze Age were used to ornament large, elaborately-incised bronze cast drums of the Dong Son culture that flourished in North Vietnam. During a thousand years of Chinese domination starting in the second century B.C.E., Vietnamese art absorbed many Chinese influences, which continued even after Vietnam became independent from China in the tenth century C.E.” (New World Encyclopedia)

“ Vietnamese music, like Vietnamese culture, is primarily East Asian rather than Southeast Asian. Its closest affinities are to China, Korea, Japan, and Mongolia. This combination of influences has produced a sophisticated and multifaceted musical culture, and it is not surprising that Vietnamese music shares many characteristics with that of China. Among the common items are the Pentatonic (five-tone) scale, and more than a dozen instruments, some of which are central to the music of both cultures.” ( Cải Lương Việt Nam)

4. MLA bibliography entry for the source:
“ History of Vietnamese Music”. Cải Lương Việt Nam. 3 Jun. 2016. Web. 8 Dec. 2016
“Vietnamese Language History”. Vietnam Culture, nd, Web. 8 Dec. 2016
“Vietnamese Art”. New World Encyclopedia, nd, Web. 8 Dec. 2016

LeH16Fa1C

12/10/2016 13:35:41

1.LeH16Fa1C

2. Korean

3.
"Traditionally, Korean art has borrowed heavily from the aesthetics of both Chinese art and Japanese art, using similar concepts, motifs, techniques, and forms. But despite this close association with the characteristics of traditional Chinese art, Korean artists have over the centuries developed a distinctive style of their own" ("Korean").

"One of the main characteristics of Korean art is its close association with naturalism, a characteristic already noticeable by the time of the Three Kingdoms period (c.57 BCE - 668 CE) but fully established by the Silla period (668–935). The practice of accepting nature as it is, led to a highly developed appreciation for the simple and the unadorned" ("Korean").

4.
"Korean Art (c.3,000 BCE Onwards) Characteristics, History, Development." Korean Art: Characteristics, History, Development. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Dec. 2016.

Angela Arevalo

12/11/2016 00:55:37

I didn't know that Korean originally borrowed from both Chinese and Japanese art, but I do like that they ended up developing a style of their own. Sounds very similar to re-creating recipes from other recipes!

RoN16Fa1C

12/10/2016 15:24:35

Contributed by (User ID): RoN16Fa1C
Native culture: German
2-3 Key ideas in 2-3 informative sentences in direct quote with MLA citation:
"Old German took place from c.AD 750 to c.AD 1050. In this period, there was no customary language, but regional dialects were utilized in writings. Middle German came in the years c. 1050 to c. 1500 and was when written language became standardized after the various chancelleries of the Holy Roman Empire started to use Middle High German instead of Latin. Modern German began in c. 1500 and continues today. This language is one of both the church and state as well as in education and literature. " (Finney)

"There are two divisions of the German language outside of time periods. The separation of High and Low German mainly come with geographic region as well as through sound shifts. High German is used in education, the theater, and broadcasting. High German has a sound shift in the consonant that is not present in Low German" (Finney)
MLA bibliography entry for the source:
Finney, M.K. "Language." DePauw University, http://academic.depauw.edu/mkfinney_web/teaching/Com227/culturalPortfolios/germany/language.htm. Accessed 10 Dec. 2016.

Angela Arevalo

12/11/2016 00:52:45

Contributed by (User ID): ArA16Fa1C
Native culture: Filipino
2-3 Key ideas in 2-3 informative sentences in direct quote with MLA citation:

"Debates continued back and forth in America and in the Philippines as to whether the official language of the country should be English or one of the other native languages. It was part of the agreement of American occupation that in 1946, the Philippines would become independent of the US again. At that time, Tagalog became the official language of the Philippines, this change having been decided about ten years later and having begun already to be implemented in the educational system." (Stevens)

MLA bibliography entry for the source:

Stevens, J. Nicole. "The History of the Filipino Languages". 30 Jun 1999. Web. 11 Dec 2016

Veronica Valencia

12/11/2016 18:05:01

Great post. I love this culture, I've had several co-workers from the Philippines and I've always wanted to learn how to speak Tagalog.

PhT16Fa1C

12/12/2016 12:21:57

Vietnamese also underwent the fighting to preserve our native language. There is nothing more precious to keep national identity but still keep up with the times. Filipinos are too smart to put English in the education system but still teach their offspring to speak their native language while participating in everyday life.

RiJ16Fa1C

12/11/2016 14:50:08

Contributed by (User ID): RiJ16Fa1C
Native culture: Mexican
2-3 Key ideas in 2-3 informative sentences in direct quote with MLA citation: The Origin of Mariachi
"The Mariachi began in the nineteenth century in the Mexican state of Jalisco... in the town of Corula" (mariachi.org)
"The Mariachi was the distinctive version of the Spanish theatrical orchestra of violins, harps, an guitars which developed in and around Jalisco" (mariachi.org)
"[One of] the traditional dance technique was the zapateado [where] the performers skillyfully drive the heels of their boots or shoes into the dance floor, pointing out swift, often syncopated rhythms which complement the different rhythm of the musical instruments" (mariachi.org)

MLA bibliography entry for the source: "History of the Mariachi." History of the Mariachi. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Dec. 2016.

Veronica Valencia link

12/11/2016 18:03:45

Contributed by (User ID): VAV16Fa1C
Native culture: Salvadorian
2-3 Key ideas in 2-3 informative sentences in direct quote with MLA citation: 1. “…On September 15, 1821, El Salvador and the rest of the Central American colonies won independence from Spain”. (unknown) 2.“Their culture was similar to that of the Aztec, with heavy Maya influences, a maize-based agricultural economy that supported several cities, and a complex culture that pursued hieroglyphic writing, astronomy and mathematics”. (Unknown)
MLA bibliography entry for the source: “…On September 15, 1821, El Salvador and the rest of the Central American colonies won independence from Spain”. Lonely Planet. Web

Saul Sanchez

12/11/2016 22:21:21

Contributed by (User ID): SaS16Fa1C
Native culture: Mexican

2-3 Key ideas in 2-3 informative sentences in direct quote with MLA citation:
"Clay pottery, embroidered cotton garments, wool shawls and outer garments with angular designs, colorful baskets and rugs are some of the common items associated with Mexican folk art.
The country is closely associated with the Mariachi style of folk music. Originated in the southern part of the state of Jalisco sometime in the 19th century, it involves a group of musicians — playing violins, guitars, basses, vihuelas and trumpets — and wearing silver-studded charro suits and elaborate hats" (Zimmerman).

MLA bibliography entry for the source:

Zimmerman, Kim Ann. "Mexican Culture: Customs & Traditions." Livescience. Purch, 10 Feb. 2015. Web. 12 Dec. 16. <http://www.livescience.com/38647-mexican-culture.html>.

GoB16Fa1C

12/12/2016 23:27:15

I agree with you The Mexican Culture in arts is very colorful and mostly every national day Mexicans Celebrate always have music with joy and Creative Art that represent there country. Bring back there Origin.

VaL16Fa1C

12/16/2016 21:53:14

Yes! Whenever I think of Mexican art, I always think of clay artwork! It's always so interesting to see all the different types of Mexican art!

LiM16Fa1C

12/11/2016 22:36:58

Contributed by (User ID): LiM16Fa1C
Native culture: Filipino
2-3 Key ideas in 2-3 informative sentences in direct quote with MLA citation: "As a result of their physical isolation from each other, Filipinos have a rich, multi–cultural heritage and speak 150 different languages and dialects. Physical and language barriers have also contributed to the growth of regionalism. It must be noted that even though Filipinos speak many languages, there are only eight major languages based on the number of speakers: Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilokano, Hiligaynon/Ilonggo, Waray, Bikolano, Pangasinense, and Kapampangan" (Torres).
MLA bibliography entry for the source:
Torres, Sheila de. "Understanding Persons of Philippine Origin: A Primer for Rehabilitation Service Providers." Cirrie.buffalo.edu. 2002. Web. 11 Dec 2016.

LeK16Fa1C

12/12/2016 21:10:58

That's so cool to me that the Filipino culture has so many different languages and is so diverse within itself.

GaT16Fa1C

12/12/2016 12:44:21

Contributed by (User ID):GaT16Fa1C
Native culture:Italian
2-3 Key ideas in 2-3 informative sentences in direct quote with MLA citation: The Renaissance began in Italy, and shaped the art of the European continent as a whole. Post Medieval era, Italian scholars began to focus more on the artist and began to develop new techniques that changed art entirely. Because of Italy's trading, with other countries, the 'rebirth' of Europe has been spurred. As summed up in Italy Magazine, "Renaissance art was one of the most influential aspects on Europe – other artists throughout took their cues from these new methods and techniques of painting, sculpture and decoration. Florence and Rome in particular were responsible for a new breed of artists who would prove to be masters in their field, and with wealthy Italian families prepared to encourage this burgeoning talent, there was to be a prodigious outpouring of influential work that would last throughout the following centuries."(Bensalhia)
MLA bibliography entry for the source:
Bensalhia, John. "So How Did the Renaissance Begin?" ITALY Magazine. ITALY Magazine, 17 Oct. 2011. Web. 12 Dec. 2016.

GoA16Fa1C

12/12/2016 20:20:30

1. Contributed by (User ID): GoA16Fa1C

2. Native culture: Mexican

3. 2-3 Key ideas in 2-3 informative sentences in direct quote with MLA citation: In the Mexican culture there is more to the language than just spanish. So many are becoming extinct before our eyes because a lot of people are so used of regular spanish or english. In an article on National Geographic it states that " It's vital to save languages because they "are the primary conduit for human culture," says K. David Harrison, a linguist and co-leader of National Geographic's Enduring Voices project (national geographic). Harrison has a very valid point because certain languages are so old where once its gone its gone and sometimes that's a sad thing because the elderly are losing a part of their life when something just disappears. Another quote from this article states, "Losing languages is "neither inevitable nor irreversible," according to UNESCO's Endangered Languages website (national geographic). I feel like being mexican and not speaking spanish I personally don't feel bad about it because I don't have a background like most people. However, I strongly believe that every language regardless if its known or not should still be alive and out there for people.

4. MLA bibliography entry for the source:
Dell'Amore, Christine. Sixty Languages at Risk of Extinction in Mexico—Can They Be Kept Alive?, National Geographic. Web 12 Apr. 2014 Web. 12 Dec. 2016

LeK16Fa1C

12/12/2016 21:00:08

Contributed by (User ID): LeK16Fa1C
Native culture: Japanese
2-3 Key ideas in 2-3 informative sentences in direct quote with MLA citation: "In the meantime what was heavy and opaque in the void gradually precipitated and became the earth, but it had taken an immeasurably long time before it condensed sufficiently to form solid ground. In its earliest stages, for millions and millions of years, the earth may be said to have resembled oil floating, medusa-like, upon the face of the waters" (Shibukawa).
MLA bibliography entry for the source: Shibukawa, Genji. "Tales From the Kojiki". Washington State University. Web. 12 Dec. 2016

GrC16Fa1C

12/15/2016 00:02:46

Japanese origin tales are some of the most artistically wrought and interesting to read about to me. Thanks for your contribution as well as providing this source, I'll have to be sure to read into it when the semester ends!

GoB16Fa1C

12/12/2016 23:23:52

1. Contributed by (User ID): GoB16Fa1C
2. Native culture: Guatemala
3. 2-3 Key ideas in 2-3 informative sentences in direct quote with MLA citation:
- “Marimba Chapinlandia and its music express the "modern" marimba sound that took shape around the turn of the 20th century. Its catchy melodies, sentimental harmonies, and dance rhythms are the signature of Guatemala's national musical instrument that drew from the African, Indian, and Ladino (creole) roots of Central America's colonial past. For festive occasions or casual listening, the marimba expresses Guatemalan sentiment like no other music.” (Folkways)
- “The origin of the name Guatemala is Indian, but its derivation and meaning are undetermined. Some hold that the name Guatemala means land of the trees in the Maya-Toltec language. Another thought is that the Nahuatl expression Quauhtitlan, which means "between the trees," gave the name to what we now know as Guatemala. That was the name the Tlaxcaltec soldiers who accompanied Pedro de Alvarado during the Spanish Conquest gave to this territory, perhaps translating into their language the word "Quiche," which means "many trees." One other idea is that Guatemala’s name is a Spanish corruption of the Nahoa (Mexican) word coactlmoctl-lan, meaning "land of the snake-eating bird," a phrase that refers to the country’s eagle.” ( Greene)
4. MLA bibliography entry for the source:
Folkway. "Chapinlandia - Marimba Music of Guatemala | Smithsonian Folkways." Smithsonian Folkways. N.p., 2007. Web. 13 Dec. 2016.

Greene, Don. "Guatemala." Guatemala. N.p., Feb. 2005. Web. 13 Dec. 2016.

SOJ16Fa1C

12/13/2016 20:11:02

Contributed by (User ID): SOJ16Fa1C
Native culture: Mexican American
2-3 Key ideas in 2-3 informative sentences in direct quote with MLA citation:
"French music impinged itself on the Mexican scene during the French intervention (when Emperor Maximilian and Empress Carlota reigned supreme) from 1862-1867...and the Mexican mariachi was born." (Summers) French intervention influenced Mexico with musical intruments that would result to the expansion of music genres that their is currently in modern times.

MLA bibliography entry for the source:
Summers, June. "The Music of Mexico." Mexconnect. 01 Jan. 2006. Web. http://www.mexconnect.com/articles/1955-the-music-of-mexico>.

AzS16Fa1C

12/13/2016 22:18:49

1. Contributed by (User ID): AzS16Fa1C
2. Native culture: Pakistani
3. 2-3 Key ideas in 2-3 informative sentences in direct quote with MLA citation: "Although the artistic tradition of Pakistan is deeply rooted in this land for thousands of years where a multitude of cultures; significantly the Harappan Culture, Aryans, the Buddhists and Greeks, had provided a nourishing cradle to arts and architecture, but contemporary art in the country has remarkable derivations from the miniature painting tradition of the Mughal period. The two considerable creative skills were calligraphy and painting which were inherited to the new generations in their family circles. . . . However, the origin of art education in Pakistan; though predominantly was informal in approach, can be traced back in the Colonial Period of the late 19th century” (Khan 2).
4. MLA bibliography entry for the source:
Khan, Muhammad Sher Ali. "The Changing Perspective of Art Education in Pakistan." ERIC. ERIC, Jan. 2014. Web. 13 Dec. 2016.

GrC16Fa1C

12/15/2016 00:00:44

Contributed by (User ID): GrC16Fa1C
Native culture: Irish
2-3 Key ideas in 2-3 informative sentences in direct quote with MLA citation:
"Gaelic (Goidelic) was originally only spoken in Ireland. It spread out over to the Isle of Man and Scotland, where once the Picts lives (a partly pre-celtic, partly celtic people about whose language(s) is not much known).
From this there are today three languages: Irish Gaelic [Gaeilge], Scottish Gaelic [Gàidhlig] and Manx Gaelic [Gaelg]. These 3 split first in the Middle Ages and have remained quite similar, and there is generally no need for additional translation for an understanding(it is comparable to the similarity between German and Dutch).
The Gaelic languages all shared ultimately the same fate, namely the gradual displacement by English, for the larger England attained the rule over the British Isles and kept this until well into the 20th Century. Gaelic had no place therein, and was banned out of public life, the schools, the courts etc.. Since the early 17th Cent., the flight of the last of the Gaelic Princes from Ulster, there had been no Irish speaking upper class....In the post-1830 instituted schools, it was all but explicitly forbidden to speak Gaelic, and it was certainly frowned upon" (About the Irish Language).

"Only in remote areas, in which "the Empire" had no great interest, remained untouched. It is for this reason that language-isolated areas developed. These lie far apart from one another, and are today called "Gaeltachts".
One cannot say that the Irish are to be held accountable for "all too willingly" giving up their language; it is rather remarkable, that Irish managed to survive" (About the Irish Language)

MLA bibliography entry for the source:

“About the Irish Language.” About the Irish Language, Nualéargais Teoranta, www.nualeargais.ie/gnag/gaeilge.htm.

VaL16Fa1C

12/15/2016 23:43:46

Web ID: VaL16Fa1C
Native Culture: Armenian
Saying: "While their existence as a national, political, and cultural entity dates from the first millennium before Christ, recently accumulated evidence offers conclusive proof that the civilizations erected by the immediate predecessors of the Armenians go back to the second and third millennia B.C." (Armenian culture Heritage).

"Consequently, it is safe to assume that the Armenian language in its current expression has a history of approximately 6000 years" (Origins of Armenian Language).
Work cited: Bournoutian, George. "Armenian Culture Heritage". A History of the Armenian People Volume 1. Web. 15 Dec. 2016

Nenejian, Serop. "Origins of Armenian Heritage". Armenian Language Resources. 2006. Web. 15 Dec. 2016

JuH16Fa1C

12/17/2016 01:12:33

Contributed by (User ID): JuH16Fa1C
Native culture: Korean
2-3 Key ideas in 2-3 informative sentences in direct quote with MLA citation:
"Much of what is known about the origin of instruments is derived from Chinese and Korean historical books and administrative documents, such as the grand list of presents sent by the Chinese Song emperor to Korea in the year 1111" (Malm).

"[I]n the Silla period, court music was divided into hyang’ak, Korean music; tang’ak, Tang and Song Chinese music; and a’ak, Confucian ritual music. The instruments used for these ensembles were of Chinese derivation and included sets of tuned stones (in Korean p’yŏn’gyŏng) and bells (p’yŏnjong), mouth organ (saeng), and instruments in all the other eight categories of Chinese classical traditions" (Malm).

MLA bibliography entry for the source:
Malm, William. "Korean Music." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc, 19 Nov. 2014. Web. 16 Dec. 2016.

C4. Cultural Beliefs and Assumptions: Origin and Creation of Language, Music, Art

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